Published: May 14, 2025
In this series of articles, you will learn how travel across Europe relies on identity document verification even in a “borderless” Schengen Area, why current systems are facing growing challenges, and how emerging digital travel technologies like the Advanced Passenger Information (API) system are reshaping the future of mobility.
Traveling through Europe may feel seamless, but behind the scenes, a complex system of identity checks, regulations, and technology makes it possible. As Europe moves toward greater digital integration, the next generation of travel systems promises faster, more secure, and more user-friendly experiences. Understanding how these systems work – and where they’re headed – helps travel smarter and with greater confidence.
Even though the EU promotes free movement, an identity document is still the ticket to border-crossing mobility. Whether boarding a plane or passing through a train station, officials rely on a passport or national ID to verify the identity of the traveler. These documents support security, uphold legal rights, and enable international cooperation. Travelers may not always be aware of it, but a valid passport is doing a lot of heavy lifting behind the scenes.
Travel document requirements depend on the nationality and the destination of the traveler. If the voyager is a citizen of the European Union, the national identity document may be enough to travel within the EU, but outside the EU, he’ll still need a passport. Understanding the distinction between identity documents and passports can save a lot of stress at the border.
The Schengen Area allows travelers to move between most EU countries without border checks, but it’s not a free-for-all. Some EU countries are not part of Schengen, and some non-EU countries are. Travelers still need a valid identity document when traveling, and internal border checks can be temporarily reinstated in response to emergencies. So even in “borderless” Europe, an identity document matters.
The right to move freely in the EU is protected under EU law, particularly the Regulation on Free Movement. But these rights come with responsibilities: Travelers must be able to prove their identity and, in some cases, meet additional entry criteria. These laws create the backbone of European travel, ensuring both freedom and public safety.
Voyagers may notice that some countries are stricter than others – that’s because implementation varies. Temporary border checks and differing security procedures can create bottlenecks and confusion. Inconsistencies between states slow down travel and add administrative hassle, especially in times of crisis like pandemics or heightened security alerts.
If the traveler holds a passport from outside the EU or has dual citizenship, the travel experience may be more complex. Different rules may apply depending on which passport is used. This can lead to confusion, delays, or even denial of entry if requirements aren’t met. Being prepared with the right documents is essential.
Many systems are still paper-based or fragmented across platforms, which creates avoidable delays. Booking travel, submitting visas, or registering information often requires repeated entry of the same details. For travelers, airlines and travel agencies, this means more effort and a higher risk of errors – a frustrating experience that modern digital systems are designed to avoid.
Today’s identity documents and passports are becoming smarter – embedded chips and biometric data allow for faster, more secure identification. When a traveler passes through an eGate, the identity is verified automatically and accurately. This technology reduces wait times and human error, and enhances security by ensuring that the person carrying the document is really the traveler.
Even before arriving at the airport, the airline may already have shared key information with border authorities – this is where Advanced Passenger Information (API) comes in. API refers to the collection and transfer of data such as name, travel document number, and flight details. It’s designed to streamline border checks and help authorities identify high-risk travelers in advance.
New systems like the Entry/Exit System (EES) and the European Travel Information and Authorization System (ETIAS) are redefining border management. The EES is used, among other things, at the external borders in accordance with the EES regulation of the EU member states and the Schengen area. ETIAS acts as a visa-waiver pre-screening for travelers from visa-exempt countries. These tools enhance security while supporting smoother travel for legitimate visitors.
Advanced Passenger Information (API) is a system that collects basic biographical and travel document data from passengers before departure. Airlines send this information to border agencies to pre-clear passengers and flag any potential security or immigration issues. For tarvelers, this often means a quicker arrival process and fewer unexpected delays. API bridges the gap between airline operations and border control.
From a legal perspective, API enhances public safety and supports international cooperation. It helps authorities enforce immigration laws, identify watch listed individuals, and respond to cross-border threats. Legally, it provides a framework for data sharing while protecting privacy through strict regulations like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Ultimately, API seeks to balance freedom of movement with legal security.
API data can be collected in multiple ways – manually at check-in, via online booking systems, or through automated identity documents and passport scans. The more integrated the method, the more efficient the process. Airlines often prefer digital transmission directly from check-in systems to national border authorities. For travelers, digital methods reduce errors and simplify the check-in experience.
Mobile apps offer the most streamlined, secure, and accessible way for travelers to provide API data. With secure encryption and biometric authentication, apps can safely store and transmit travel details. Plus, travelers can complete the process anytime, anywhere – no need for paperwork or airport queues. Mobile integration makes travel more user-friendly and helps travelers stay in control of their data.
The future lies in connecting API with systems like EES, ETIAS, and digital identity platforms used by enterprises. When these systems talk to each other, the result is a seamless, end-to-end travel experience. This not only reduces duplication and wait times but also improves security through real-time data analysis. For voyagers, this means faster travel, fewer forms, and a more personalized journey.
Even in an era of increasingly seamless travel across Europe, the importance of identity documents and passports and reliable identity systems remains central. As the EU works to modernize its travel infrastructure through initiatives like API, EES, and ETIAS, travelers, authorities, and technology providers must navigate a complex intersection of security, usability, and legal compliance.
Identity documents and passports – both physical and digital – will continue to serve as the backbone of secure cross-border mobility. Looking ahead, integrated and interoperable systems will not only reduce friction but also improve the travel experience for millions.
Get in contact with the experts at OVD Kinegram to learn how cutting-edge identity solutions and secure document technologies can support your organization’s role in tomorrow’s integrated travel systems.
Let’s build the future of mobility – together.
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What is Advanced Passenger Information (API)?